Home / Themes / Humanoid '25: Humanoid & Service Robot OEMs
Humanoid '25: Humanoid & Service Robot OEMs (view performance)
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Bull / Bear Details has the investment thesis and bull/bear points. Overview is monitoring guidance (hiring, forums, second-order trends, search keywords, Google Trends, datasets).
Bull / Bear DetailsThe investment thesis for "Humanoid '25: Humanoid & Service Robot OEMs" remains compelling, driven by collapsing hardware costs, rapid AI advancements, and incr
Thesis
The investment thesis for "Humanoid '25: Humanoid & Service Robot OEMs" remains compelling, driven by collapsing hardware costs, rapid AI advancements, and increasing industrial demand for labor replacement. Recent capital commitments and production ramp-up plans for humanoid robots, alongside accelerating commercialization of autonomous service robots, underscore a transition from prototypes to mass deployment, despite inherent scaling and macroeconomic risks. The bull case appears more compelling given the strong evidence of technological progression and significant investment.
Bull case
The bill of materials (BOM) costs for humanoid robots are rapidly decreasing, exemplified by Unitree's G-1 humanoid priced at $16,000, a 97% reduction from 2023 industrial models. This significant cost compression, further supported by companies like Pony.ai optimizing costs for next-generation autonomous vehicles and Tesla's aggressive production ramp-up for Optimus, signals a Moore-style cost curve for robotics, enabling mass-market adoption and 'Robotics-as-a-Service' models. Entry-level full-size humanoids are projected to be below $20,000 in 2026–2027, with mass-market models reaching $10,000–$15,000 by 2028–2030. Projected operating costs of approximately $2 per hour make them economically transformative for industrial environments.
Rapid advancements in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, such as NVIDIA's GR00T N1 and Isaac Sim, are providing robots with sophisticated 'brains' capable of rapid learning and task execution. This is further evidenced by Tesla's significant investments in AI chip design (AI5, AI6) and infrastructure to enable unsupervised Full Self-Driving and Optimus production, alongside Pony.ai's L4 technology leadership in robotaxis, accelerating the path to full autonomy. The rise of "Agentic AI" in 2026 is transitioning AI from assistant to autonomous worker, enabling robots to learn new tasks and operate independently in complex, real-world environments.
The automotive cycle is showing signs of bottoming and inflecting upwards, while defense spending is increasing, providing a favorable macro backdrop for robotics component suppliers. Furthermore, persistent labor shortages in critical industries and the strategic push for increased domestic manufacturing capacity are driving strong demand for automation. Humanoid robots, like Tesla's Optimus, are positioned as a significant solution for labor replacement, capable of operating within existing human-designed infrastructure. The global humanoid robot market is projected to grow from USD 6.40 billion in 2026 to USD 104.95 billion by 2033, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 49.0%.
Bear case
Despite falling costs and AI advancements, humanoid robots still face challenges in achieving a broad product-market fit due primarily to limitations in performing a sufficient range of high-value, general-purpose tasks. The complex hand-eye-brain coordination required for adapting to the irregularities of everyday life, rather than just structured environments, continues to be a significant hurdle for widespread adoption. The key focus for future technological breakthroughs is improving general-purpose capabilities in long-horizon and multitask execution.
The transition from pilot programs to large-scale, durable deployments is fraught with operational and supply chain challenges. Initial production of new humanoid robots, such as Tesla's Optimus, is expected to be "very slow" due to entirely new supply chains and technologies, making production rates difficult to predict. Current limitations also include thermal bottlenecks at the joint level, duty-cycle constraints, and relatively short battery runtimes. The industry faces pressure to prove demonstrable, validated, production-grade reliability in real-world, variable environments.
The humanoid and service robotics theme is susceptible to macroeconomic shifts, including a potential reacceleration of trade wars, which could lead to policy friction such as Chinese export restrictions on critical actuation hardware (e.g., rare earths, reducers) in retaliation for US GPU restrictions. Moreover, persistently high interest rates could negatively impact the payback math for robot leases (Robotics-as-a-Service models), hindering investment and adoption. Geopolitical risks, economic uncertainty, and inflation are ranked as the most impactful trends affecting supply chains in 2026. The "American Security Robotics Act of 2026" also signals potential trade barriers for foreign-made robotics.
Overview
Hiring Trend Watchpoints
Forum Watchlist
- subreddit — r/roboticshigh
New research, hardware developments, software updates, community sentiment on specific robot models and companies.
- subreddit — r/artificialhigh
AI advancements relevant to robotics (e.g., VLA models, generative AI for simulation, fleet learning), ethical considerations, public perception.
- forum — Robotics-Forum.commedium
Technical discussions, integration challenges, specific OEM product feedback, industry best practices.
- community — IEEE Spectrum Robotics Blog/Commentsmedium
Expert analysis, academic perspectives, industry commentary on market trends, policy, and technological breakthroughs.
- social_media_channel — X (formerly Twitter) - #HumanoidRobots, #ServiceRobots, #RoboticsAIhigh
Real-time news, company announcements, viral demonstrations, investor sentiment, early adoption stories.
- niche_channel — Humanoid Hub Bloghigh
Detailed analysis of humanoid robot models, pricing, buyer guides, and market comparisons.
Second Order Trends
Search Keywords Brand Product
- humanoid robot cost
- service robot deployment
- robotaxi commercialization
- Optimus V3 production
- Walker S2 orders
- Unitree G1 price
- Figure 03 pilots
- Apollo enterprise
- Cybercab timeline
- Semi production
- Robotics-as-a-Service market
- Physical AI applications
- Vision-Language-Action models
Search Keywords Policy Regulatory
- robotics export restrictions China
- US robotics tariffs
- robotics supply chain localization
- autonomous driving regulations
- robot safety standards
Search Keywords Event Phrases
- Automate 2026
- ICRA 2026
- Future Mobility Pioneers Conference
- Abundance Summit Tesla Optimus
Google Trend Product Category Intent
Google Trend Consumer Intent
Google Trend Macro Policy Terms
Top datasets to track
1. Global Robotics-as-a-Service (RaaS) Market Size and Forecast Type: Market Research · Provider: Vertex AI Search, The Business Research Company, Global Market Insights Inc. Cadence: Annual/Biannual Why it matters: Tracks the overall growth and adoption of the RaaS model, which is crucial for flexible deployment and reduced upfront capital investment, indicating market maturity and revenue predictability. Suggested query: robotics as a service market size forecast Confidence: high
2. Humanoid Robot Unit Production Cost (BOM) Type: Company/Industry Data · Provider: OEM announcements (Unitree, UBTECH, Tesla), Teardown reports (IDTechEx, Yole, Omdia), Humanoid Hub Cadence: Biannual/Annual Why it matters: Directly measures the pace of cost curve compression, a key driver for mass-market adoption and gross margin scalability. Suggested query: humanoid robot bill of materials cost Confidence: high
3. Number of Humanoids Shipped/Leased by Top OEMs (Tesla, UBTECH, Unitree) Type: Company Data · Provider: OEM earnings reports, company press releases, TechCrunch, South China Morning Post Cadence: Quarterly/Annual Why it matters: Indicates the real-world transition from pilot programs to revenue-generating deployments and the scaling of production capacity. Suggested query: humanoid robot shipments UBTECH Tesla Unitree Confidence: high
4. Robotics Engineer Job Postings / Talent Demand Type: Labor Market Data · Provider: LinkedIn, CareersInRobotics, AI CERTs, EPG Cadence: Monthly/Quarterly Why it matters: Signals the industry's growth trajectory and the 'Automation Gap' – the demand for specialized skills in Physical AI, integration, and deployment, which is critical for scaling. Suggested query: robotics engineer job demand 2026 Confidence: high
5. Robotaxi Fleet Size and Revenue Growth (Pony.ai, Waymo, Cruise) Type: Company Data · Provider: OEM earnings reports, Bloomberg, TechCrunch, CnEVPost Cadence: Quarterly Why it matters: Directly reflects the commercialization success and scaling of autonomous service robots in a key application area, indicating user adoption and path to profitability. Suggested query: Pony.ai robotaxi fleet size revenue Confidence: high
Key Metrics
| Metric | Cadence | What It Signals | Update Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of humanoids shipped or leased by top OEMs (TSLA, UBTech, XPeng) | Quarterly | Indicates real-world transition from pilot to revenue-generating deployments | Google_Sheets |
| BOM cost for fully assembled humanoid units | Biannual | Tracks pace of cost curve compression and gross margin scalability | Google_Sheets |
| Monthly active robot hours by RaaS fleet (industrial/service) | Monthly | Measures utilization and monetization rates of deployed humanoids; early signal for recurring revenue | Google_Sheets |
Upcoming Catalysts
| Catalyst | Estimated Timing | Estimated Date Start | Estimated Date End | Why It Matters | Ticker Or Theme Specific | Source Types | Contributing Tickers | Mention Count | Base Score | Source Weight | Specificity Weight | Macro Bridge | Macro Bridge Multiplier | Theme Score | Date Aggregated | Manual Override | Bridge Mention Count | Theme Base Score | Theme Importance Score | Catalyst Source | Catalyst ID | Transcript Date | Source Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major advancements and commercialization of AI/Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models for robotics, enhancing robot autonomy and task utility. | Ongoing throughout 2026 | 2026-06-04 | 2026-12-31 | Improved AI capabilities are essential for robots to perform a broader range of complex, general-purpose tasks, addressing product-market fit limitations and accelerating the transition from structured to unstructured environments, which is critical for widespread adoption. | Theme | theme_composer | NVDA, GOOGL, TSLA, PTC | 4 | 10.5487 | 1.18 | 0.92 | 1.0 | 1145.1661 | 2026-06-04 | False | 1 | 3.0654 | 332.7752 | Theme composer | ||||
| Accelerated deployment and expansion of robotaxi and autonomous service robot fleets by key players like Pony.ai and Tesla, along with WeRide's driverless pilot progress in Dubai. | Q3 - Q4 2026 | 2026-07-01 | 2026-12-31 | This demonstrates the practical viability and growing demand for autonomous service robots, providing crucial operational data and paving the way for broader adoption in logistics, transportation, and other service sectors, thereby validating the monetization potential of the theme. | Theme | theme_composer | PONY, TSLA, WRD | 3 | 0.0498 | 1.18 | 0.92 | Regulatory/Policy, Economic | 1.688 | 9.1267 | 2026-06-04 | False | 1 | 0.7532 | 137.9793 | Theme composer | |||
| Operationalization and progress of battery joint ventures with LG and SK for the U.S. market. | in the next -- in the short term | 2026-07-09 | 2027-06-30 | This is crucial for securing a stable battery supply for Hyundai's U.S. EV production and long-term EV strategy. | Ticker | 005380.KO (ticker) | 005380.KO_1e0e0ebb | 2026-01-30 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Decision and subsequent incremental increase in local production of the Palisade hybrid model in the U.S. | internally reviewing this matter | 2026-07-09 | 2027-12-31 | This could mitigate tariff impacts, enhance competitiveness against locally produced rivals, and improve profitability in the U.S. market. | Ticker | 005380.KO (ticker) | 005380.KO_8a860ca7 | 2026-01-30 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Initial satellite internet service launch for Amazon Leo. | this year | 2026-07-30 | 2026-12-31 | This marks the commercialization of a new, high-potential growth vector for Amazon, with existing revenue commitments from enterprises and government customers, diversifying revenue streams and potentially opening new markets. | Ticker | AMZN (ticker) | AMZN_c962c6d7 | 2026-07-30 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Opening of over 100 new Whole Foods Market stores. | plan to open more than 100 new Whole Foods Market stores over the next few years | 2026-02-05 | 2029-02-05 | This expansion aims to increase Amazon's footprint in the grocery market, driving sales, and impacting capital expenditures. | Ticker | AMZN (ticker) | AMZN_2e8d62ec | 2026-02-05 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Over 20 Amazon LEO satellite launches in 2026. | more than 20 launches planned in 2026 | 2026-01-01 | 2026-12-31 | These launches represent significant capital expenditures and ongoing operational costs, impacting operating income and cash flow, particularly in the North America segment. The success of these launches is critical for the LEO service. | Ticker | AMZN (ticker) | AMZN_3e5a0b8b | 2026-02-05 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Approximately $200 billion in capital expenditures, primarily in AWS, to meet high demand for core and AI workloads. | expect to invest about $200 billion in capital expenditures across Amazon.com, Inc., but predominantly in AWS | 2026-01-01 | 2028-12-31 | These investments are crucial for expanding AWS capacity and maintaining its leadership in cloud and AI, but will impact free cash flow and depreciation, while management expects strong return on invested capital. | Ticker | AMZN (ticker) | AMZN_2c1be643 | 2026-02-05 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Broad launch of the da Vinci SP stapler in Japan. | Q3 | 2026-07-01 | 2026-09-30 | This expansion will support broader adoption of the SP platform in a key international market, contributing to SP procedure growth and strengthening Intuitive's competitive position. | Ticker | ISRG (ticker) | ISRG_b0b97962 | 2026-07-16 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Market launch of the refreshed S-Class in China. | in September-ish | 2026-09-01 | 2026-09-30 | As a top-end vehicle, its refresh is important for stimulating sales in China's luxury market and contributes to the overall product mix and profitability. | Ticker | MBG.XETRA (ticker) | MBG.XETRA_f428783f | 2026-02-12 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Unveiling of the electric AMG SUV. | in the fall | 2026-09-01 | 2026-11-30 | This new product launch expands Mercedes-Benz's high-performance electric vehicle portfolio, targeting the luxury EV segment and enhancing brand appeal. | Ticker | MBG.XETRA (ticker) | MBG.XETRA_f7498b33 | 2026-07-28 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Launch and market reception of new electric vehicles in China, specifically the long-wheelbase electric GLC in mid-2026 and the electric E-Class in 2027. | electric GLC by mid of this year (2026), E-Class next year (2027) | 2026-05-01 | 2027-12-31 | Success in the competitive Chinese EV market is critical for MBG's overall growth and profitability, given the intense competition and local preferences. Strong sales would be bullish, weak sales bearish. | Ticker | MBG.XETRA (ticker) | MBG.XETRA_0ab9ee9c | 2026-02-12 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Mass production of Pony AI's Gen 4 Robotruck. | second half of the year | 2026-07-01 | 2026-12-31 | This milestone is expected to drive Robotruck revenue growth and expand the company's addressable market, which could materially impact results and investor sentiment. | Ticker | PONY (ticker) | PONY_3ae45a13 | 2026-05-26 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Ramp-up of in-house LFP module production and associated battery packs in China. | now in the next months | 2026-07-08 | 2026-09-30 | Increasing in-house LFP battery production in China enhances battery supply, reduces reliance on external suppliers, and supports vehicle production growth, particularly for models utilizing LFP cells. | Ticker | TSLA (ticker) | TSLA_6592d5df | 2026-04-22 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Uber is steadily looking to rebuild its share repurchase levels after the Delivery Hero acquisition. | months, not quarters | 2026-09-02 | 2026-11-05 | Rebuilding share repurchase levels signals management's confidence in future cash flow and commitment to shareholder returns, potentially boosting investor sentiment. | Ticker | UBER (ticker) | UBER_7ca4bead | 2026-08-05 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Uber is on track to be live with autonomous vehicles in 15 cities, including new launches with partners such as Nuro Lucid (Bay Area), Zoox (Vegas), Wayve (London, Tokyo), Baidu (London), and Pony and Verne (Zagreb). | by year-end | 2026-09-02 | 2026-12-31 | This significant expansion of Uber's autonomous vehicle commercialization platform in new cities and with multiple partners is crucial for long-term growth and market positioning in the AV space. | Ticker | UBER (ticker) | UBER_c0b31964 | 2026-08-05 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| The recently closed acquisition of Getir in Turkey and the reconsolidation of Careem are expected to have a positive contribution to delivery growth. | Q3 and beyond | 2026-07-01 | 2026-09-30 | These acquisitions are expected to drive organic delivery growth and strengthen Uber's market position in key international delivery markets, contributing positively to Q3 performance. | Ticker | UBER (ticker) | UBER_ebdbc113 | 2026-08-05 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Major humanoid robot OEMs are expected to announce progress towards or achievement of aggressive unit production cost targets, such as UBTECH's goal of below $20,000 by 2027-2030. | Q4 2026 - H1 2027 | 2026-10-01 | 2027-06-30 | Lower unit production costs are fundamental to making humanoid and service robots economically viable for widespread deployment across various industries, enabling the 'Robotics-as-a-Service' model and significantly expanding the total addressable market. | Theme | theme_composer | UBXN, TSLA, PONY, WRD, MCHP, ON, IFX, ADI, ST | 9 | 0.0741 | 1.18 | 0.92 | 1.0 | 8.0466 | 2026-06-04 | False | 1 | 2.2552 | 244.826 | Theme composer | ||||
| Launch of the new Tucson model. | fourth quarter of this year | 2026-10-01 | 2026-12-31 | As a volume model, the Tucson launch is expected to have an immediate impact on increasing overall annual sales figures and drive revenue generation from next year. | Ticker | 005380.KO (ticker) | 005380.KO_8a26e643 | 2026-07-23 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Shift in accounting for Amazon LEO costs, such as satellite manufacturing and launch services, from expensing to capitalization. | Later in 2026 | 2026-10-01 | 2026-12-31 | This accounting change will impact Amazon's reported financial results, potentially improving operating income and free cash flow metrics as significant LEO costs are no longer expensed immediately. | Ticker | AMZN (ticker) | AMZN_349295e9 | 2026-07-30 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Launch of the Oakville facility expansion, adding up to 100,000 units of additional Super Duty capacity. | fourth quarter of this year | 2026-10-01 | 2026-12-31 | This expansion increases manufacturing flexibility and resilience, and is expected to meet pent-up demand for Ford Pro, thereby driving future financial performance. | Ticker | F (ticker) | F_1e547465 | 2026-07-28 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Completion of the vast majority of the remaining cash charges, totaling up to $2 billion, related to the May 2025 disposition of the Blue Oval SK Battery joint venture. | by the end of the year | 2026-10-01 | 2026-12-31 | This resolves a significant financial overhang from a one-time special item charge, improving the company's cash flow and balance sheet clarity. | Ticker | F (ticker) | F_3fcc2bcf | 2026-07-28 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Achievement of Pony AI's revised 2026 annual targets: surpassing a robotaxi fleet size of 3,500 vehicles, achieving robotaxi revenue growth of more than 3.5x, and expanding its operational footprint to over 20 cities globally. | by the end of this year | 2026-10-01 | 2026-12-31 | Meeting these ambitious targets would signal strong execution and commercial momentum, positively impacting valuation and investor sentiment. Failure to meet them could have a negative impact. | Ticker | PONY (ticker) | PONY_1df12a38 | 2026-05-26 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Hyundai Motor Company's ramp-up of EV sales in the EU. | In the coming years, in 2027 and 2028 | 2027-01-01 | 2028-12-31 | This action is essential for responding to EU emissions regulations and maintaining market position and compliance in the region. | Ticker | 005380.KO (ticker) | 005380.KO_e9c27766 | 2026-01-30 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Over 30 Amazon LEO satellite launches in 2027. | more than 30 in 2027 | 2027-01-01 | 2027-12-31 | These launches represent significant capital expenditures and ongoing operational costs, impacting operating income and cash flow, particularly in the North America segment. The success of these launches is critical for the LEO service. | Ticker | AMZN (ticker) | AMZN_11192811 | 2026-02-05 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Launch and strong interest in Trainium four chips. | coming in 2027 | 2027-01-01 | 2027-12-31 | This indicates continued innovation and demand for AWS's custom AI chips, reinforcing its competitive position in the AI infrastructure market and potentially driving future AWS revenue growth. | Ticker | AMZN (ticker) | AMZN_7651dd2b | 2026-02-05 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Integration and launch of rapid on-site tissue evaluation (ROSE) and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) technologies for the Ion platform. | time lines are more short term, but they won't be this year | 2027-01-01 | 2027-12-31 | These integrations are expected to bring significant differentiated value to lung cancer detection and diagnosis, potentially improving patient survival and driving Ion platform adoption and revenue. | Ticker | ISRG (ticker) | ISRG_116c11d7 | 2026-04-21 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Clarity on potential new charge code and reimbursement policies for robotic procedures in China. | do not expect clarity on the outcome of these matters until 2027 | 2027-01-01 | 2027-12-31 | Favorable policies could significantly improve procedure growth in China, which is currently challenging due to competitive and pricing pressures, materially impacting future revenue. | Ticker | ISRG (ticker) | ISRG_5c4a97d5 | 2026-04-21 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Launch of the successor to the A-Class, based on the MMA architecture, primarily for the European market. | part of the MMA architecture rollout | 2027-01-01 | 2028-12-31 | This model aims to attract younger customers and serve the important European entry segment profitably, which could impact overall sales volume, brand entry point, and long-term customer acquisition. | Ticker | MBG.XETRA (ticker) | MBG.XETRA_dc3bc1ba | 2026-02-12 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Beginning of scaled operation for Pony AI's L4 autonomous light trucks. | early next year | 2027-01-01 | 2027-03-31 | This expands Pony AI's logistics portfolio, creates powerful synergies with existing infrastructure, and could significantly lower operating costs, impacting revenue streams and profitability. | Ticker | PONY (ticker) | PONY_28c8ae98 | 2026-05-26 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Reduction of robotaxi Bill of Materials (BOM) costs to below RMB 230,000 in the domestic market. | by mid-next year | 2027-05-01 | 2027-06-30 | Lowering BOM costs will significantly enhance robotaxi margins and facilitate rapid scaling of the fleet, positively impacting profitability and valuation. | Ticker | PONY (ticker) | PONY_2d3a1b8b | 2026-05-26 | earnings_transcript | ||||||||||||||
| Production start of the AI4.1 or AI4+ chip with newer generation RAM and increased compute. | middle of next year | 2027-05-01 | 2027-06-30 | This chip upgrade will enhance the performance of Tesla's vehicles, supporting more advanced FSD capabilities and ensuring the hardware keeps pace with software advancements, which is crucial for continued FSD development and competitive advantage. | Ticker | TSLA (ticker) | TSLA_04e29a71 | 2026-04-22 | earnings_transcript |
NotesEarnings Summary
| Date | Type | Comment | Detail | Sentiment | Tickers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-06-04 | group_thesis | Recent earnings from Pony.ai and Tesla strongly reinforce the Humanoid '25 theme. Pony.ai's rapid robotaxi scaling and cost optimization (Gen-7 BOM below $33k) validate commercialization and collapsing hardware costs. Tesla's Optimus production starting Summer 2026 signals the transition to mass deployment, despite significant CapEx and initial loss-making operations, highlighting the theme's capital-intensive nature. | Earnings Summary | Bullish | TSLA, PONY |
Constituents
- — Hyundai Motor Company
- AMZNT3— Amazon.com, Inc.
- FT3— Ford Motor Company
- ISRGT3— Intuitive Surgical, Inc.
- — Mercedes-Benz Group AG
- PONYT3— Pony AI Inc. American Depositary Shares
- RRT3— Richtech Robotics Inc. Class B Common Stock
- TSLAT3— Tesla, Inc.
- UBERT3— Uber Technologies, Inc.
- WRDT3— WeRide Inc.
- XPEVT3— XPeng Inc.
- 9880.HKT3· no notes yet
- CCXIT3· no notes yet